Grammar Handbook Sentence Basics. Parts of Speech. Parts of speech are sentence elements that work together to make up a. However, with the factor, gender, a lot has changed over the years in English language usage when it comes to the political correctness (PC) of referring to a person by their gender. It’s something to keep in mind when. English Grammar – 12 Tense in Basic Basic English Grammar – 12 Tenses This small booklet contains English 12 tenses with basic explanations. It is for the students who want to build their basic grammar to continue higher levels like the passive and the reported speech.

(Note: progressive aspect is often called continuous.) Present Simple (present tense + common aspect) Affirmative: Subject + Base Form of the Verb *note: for 3rd Person Singular (he/ she/ it) add ‘s’ to the base form I/ You/ We/ They work in a bank. He/ She works in a bank.

Negative: Subject + don’t/ doesn’t + Base Form of the Verb I/ You/ We/ They don’t (do not) work. He/ She/ It doesn’t (does not) work.

Interrogative: Question Word + do/does + Subject + Base Form of the Verb Where do I/ you/we/they work? Where does he/ she work? Usual, regular action: • I usually go fishing at weekends. Alpha centauri resolution hack. I don’t go fishing at weekends. Do I go fishing at weekends? • You always know the answer. You don’t always know the answer.

Do you always know the answer? • She never put s milk in her tea. She doesn’t put milk in her tea.

Does she ever put milk in her tea? • My father play s the violin. My father doesn’t play the violin. Does your father play the violin? • We sometimes go to the cinema on Friday.

We don’t go to the cinema on Friday. Do we go to the cinema on Fridays? • They never walk in the wood. They don’t walk in the wood. Do they walk in the wood? General existence; stating a fact: • An ostrich has two legs.

A rabbit doesn’t have two legs. How many legs does a spider have? • The earth goes round the sun. The sun doesn’t go round the earth.

Does the moon go round the earth? • Water is liquid at room temperature. Gold isn’t liquid at room temperature. Is gold solid at room temperature? Dramatic narrative (theatre, sports, etc.

Events): • Johnson takes the ball, he bounces it to the floor, then he throws and scores two points. Timetables • The train leaves at half past four. The train doesn’t leave at five. What time does the train leave? • The course starts on 1 July. The course doesn’t start in June. When does the course start?

Recommended for you: Present Progressive (present tense + progressive aspect) Affirmative: Subject + BE + Verb-ING You are cooking. Negative: Subject + BE not + Verb-ING.

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You aren’t (are not) cooking. Interrogative: Question Word + BE + Subject + Verb-ING What are you cooking? Action happening now: • I’ m watching a film on TV now. I ‘m not watching a film. Am I watching a film? • Watch out, a car’ s coming.

It isn’t not coming. Is it coming? • The boys are sleeping upstairs.

They boys aren’t sleeping upstairs. Are the boys sleeping upstairs? Action happening about this time, but not necessarily now: • He ‘s studying Spanish and German. He ‘s not studying French. What languages is he studying? • They ‘re going to a business course. They aren’t going to a cooking course.

What course are they going to? • You ‘re visiting museums while you’re here. You ‘re not visiting factories. Are you visiting museums in our city? Definite arrangement in the near future: • I ‘m travelling to Paris tomorrow.

I ‘m not travelling to Paris tomorrow. Am I travelling to Paris tomorrow?

• My son is taking his girlfriend to dinner tonight. My son isn’t taking his girlfriend to dinner tonight.

Is he taking his girlfriend to dinner tonight? • You ‘re going to Italy on holiday this year, aren’t you? You aren’t going to Greece. Where are you going on holiday this year? Recommended for you: Past Simple (past tense + common aspect) Affirmative: Subject + Verb in Past Simple (2nd form) I/ You/ He/ She/ It/ We/ They lived in London ten years ago.

Negative: Subject + didn’t (did not) + Base Form of the Verb I/ You/ He/ She/ It/ We/ They didn’t like the film. Interrogative: Question Word + did + subject + Base Form of the Verb Where did I/ you/ he/ she/ it/ we/ they meet Richard? Actions, events in the past: • I had lunch with Mrs Robinson yesterday. I didn’t have lunch with Mrs Robinson yesterday.

Did I have lunch with Mrs Robinson yesterday? • Mother went to work on Tuesday. Mother didn’t go to work on Tuesday.

Did Mother go to work on Tuesday? • You did the shopping this morning. You didn’t do the shopping this morning. Where did you do the shopping this morning? • She travelled to Spain last year. She didn’t travel anywhere last year. Where did she travel last year?

Recommended for you: Past Progressive (past tense + progressive aspect) Affirmative: Subject + was/ were + Verb-ING I/He/She was having a shower when you called. We/ You/ They were watching TV when Bob arrived.